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GLOSSARY

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Welcome to our comprehensive glossary of stock market terms. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just starting your journey in the world of finance, our glossary aims to provide you with clear and concise explanations of key terms and concepts. Simply click on any alphabet below to explore the terms starting with that letter.

Glossary

TermDescription
CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)A measure of the average annual growth rate of an investment over a specific period, taking into account compounding effects.
Call MoneyShort-term funds borrowed or lent in the interbank market, typically for overnight or very short durations, used by banks and financial institutions to manage their liquidity needs.
Call OptionA type of financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified period.
Capital Adequacy RatioA measure of a bank's capital strength and ability to absorb losses, calculated as the ratio of a bank's capital to its risk-weighted assets, reflecting its financial stability and regulatory compliance.
Capital Gain TaxA tax imposed on the profits earned from the sale of capital assets, such as stocks, bonds, or real estate, where the tax is levied on the capital gain realized.
Capital GainsThe profits realized from the sale of a capital asset, such as stocks, bonds, or real estate, resulting in a higher value than the original purchase price.
Capital MarketA financial market where long-term securities, such as stocks, bonds, and other instruments, are traded between buyers and sellers to raise capital for companies and governments.
Capital Market Line (CML)A graphical representation of the risk-return relationship for a portfolio of risky assets, showing the optimal portfolio of risky assets combined with a risk-free asset.
Capital StructureThe mix of a company's long-term financing sources, including equity, debt, and hybrid instruments, determining its overall financial risk and cost of capital.
CapitalizationThe total value or market capitalization of a company, calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the current market price per share.
Cash DividendA portion of a company's profits distributed to its shareholders in the form of cash payments, typically on a per-share basis.
Cash EquivalentHighly liquid and low-risk assets that can be easily converted into cash, such as treasury bills, money market funds, or short-term government bonds.
Cash FlowThe net amount of cash and cash equivalents that flow in and out of a company during a specific period, reflecting its ability to generate and manage cash.
Cash MarketThe market for buying and selling securities for immediate delivery and settlement, where transactions are settled in cash rather than through future contracts.
Cash Market TradingThe buying and selling of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, for immediate delivery and settlement in the cash market.
Cash SettlementA method of settling a futures or options contract where the counterparties exchange cash payments representing the gains or losses on the contract, instead of physical delivery of the underlying asset.
Central BankA monetary authority, such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), responsible for regulating and controlling a country's money supply, interest rates, and banking system.
Central DepositoryA financial institution that facilitates the deposit, custody, and transfer of securities in electronic form, providing a secure and efficient system for holding and settling securities.
Circuit BreakerA regulatory mechanism that temporarily halts or restricts trading on a stock exchange in response to significant market declines or extreme volatility, aimed at maintaining market stability.
Clearing and SettlementThe process of finalizing and completing a financial transaction, including the verification, matching, and transfer of ownership or funds between the buyer and seller.
Clearing HouseA financial institution or organization that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers in a market, facilitating the settlement and clearing of transactions.
Closing PriceThe final price at which a security or asset is traded on a specific trading day, indicating the market's consensus on the value of the asset at the end of the trading session.
CollateralAn asset or property that is pledged as security for a loan or other financial obligation, serving as a form of protection for the lender in case of default.
Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)A complex structured financial product that pools together various debt instruments, such as mortgages or loans, and divides them into different tranches with varying levels of risk and return.
CommodityA raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as gold, oil, wheat, or coffee, typically traded on commodities exchanges.
Commodity MarketA market where raw materials or primary agricultural products, such as metals, energy, grains, or livestock, are bought and sold for immediate or future delivery.
Commodity PoolA collective investment vehicle that pools funds from multiple investors to trade in commodities futures or options contracts, typically managed by a commodity pool operator.
ContangoA situation in the futures market where the price of a commodity or financial instrument is higher in the futures market than the spot price, creating an upward sloping futures curve.
Contingent OrderAn order to buy or sell a security that is executed only if certain predefined conditions or criteria are met, such as reaching a specific price or volume level.
ContractA legally binding agreement between two or more parties, outlining the terms and conditions of a transaction, such as buying or selling securities, commodities, or real estate.
Convertible BondA type of bond that can be converted into a specified number of shares of the issuer's common stock, providing investors with the option to participate in potential stock price appreciation.
Convertible Preferred StockA type of preferred stock that can be converted into a specified number of common shares of the issuing company, providing investors with the option for potential capital appreciation.
Corporate ActionsEvents or activities initiated by a publicly traded company that can affect its shareholders, such as stock splits, dividends, mergers, acquisitions, or spin-offs.
Cost of CapitalThe required return or minimum rate of return that a company must earn on its investments to maintain its capital structure and meet the expectations of its investors.
Cost of CarryThe cost associated with holding an asset, including financing costs, storage costs, insurance costs, and other expenses, often relevant in futures and options pricing.
CounterpartyThe other party involved in a financial transaction, such as a trade or contract, where both parties have mutual obligations and are exposed to credit risk from the other party's default.
Coupon BondA type of bond that pays periodic interest payments, known as coupons, to bondholders until the bond's maturity date when the face value is repaid.
Coupon RateThe fixed annual interest rate paid on a bond or fixed-income security, expressed as a percentage of the bond's face value.
Credit Default Swap (CDS)A financial derivative contract that allows investors to protect against the risk of default on a debt instrument or to speculate on the creditworthiness of a particular issuer.
Credit RatingAn evaluation or assessment of the creditworthiness of an individual, company, or security, indicating the likelihood of default on financial obligations.
Credit RiskThe risk of default or failure to meet financial obligations by a borrower or issuer of debt securities, resulting in potential losses for lenders or investors.
Credit SpreadThe difference in yields or interest rates between two different debt securities or credit instruments, reflecting the relative credit risk associated with each security.
Currency ExchangeThe conversion of one currency into another at an agreed-upon exchange rate, typically facilitated by banks, financial institutions, or currency exchange services.
Currency PairA pair of currencies traded in the foreign exchange market, representing the exchange rate between the two currencies.
Currency RiskThe risk of financial loss or volatility resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates between different currencies, affecting the value of investments or foreign currency-denominated assets.
Current RatioA financial ratio that compares a company's current assets to its current liabilities, indicating its ability to cover short-term obligations and providing insight into its liquidity position.
CustodianAn entity or institution responsible for safeguarding and administering financial assets on behalf of clients, such as securities, cash, or other investments.
Cyclical IndustryAn industry whose performance is closely tied to the business cycle, with revenues and profitability fluctuating in response to changes in economic conditions.
Cyclical StocksStocks of companies that are sensitive to economic cycles, as their performance tends to be influenced by changes in the overall business cycle.

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